30 December 2023, Volume 27 Issue 6

    

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  Identification and Characteristic Analysis of TEAD1-Enhancers Regulating MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells

  TANG Yuze, ZHANG Yin, ZHONG Tengwei, GUO Zhiyun

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 471-478.

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  The regulatory network constituted by transcription factors, enhancers, and microRNAs (miRNAs) is critical to the transcriptional regulation and progression of cancer. TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) is a member of the TEA/ATTS domain family. However, it is unclear whether TEAD1, as a cancer-related transcription factor, is involved in the enhancer-miRNA network and the occurrence and develop-ment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, 14 286 active enhancers that transcribe stable and unstable enhan-cer RNAs (eRNAs) were firstly identified by integrating CAGE-seq and GRO-seq data of HepG2 cell line, and confirmed to have previously reported histone modification characteristics (high H3K27ac signal and H3K4me1/H3K4me3 signal ratio). Subsequently, 2 550 TEAD1-binding enhancers (EnhTEAD1) were identified by in-tegrating 35 883 TEAD1-DNA binding sites obtained from ChIP-seq data. Compared with no TEAD1-binding enhancers (EnhnoTEAD1), the expression of active enhancer markers (H3K27ac, H3K4me1 and H3K4me3) and eRNAs on EnhTEAD1 was significantly increased. Furthermore, TEAD1 may act synergistically with four transcription factors (GATA4, HNF4A, YY1, and CTCF) to promote chromatin accessibility and spatial cyclization mediated by the EnhTEAD1 region. To study the regulatory network between EnhTEAD1 and miRNAs, small RNA sequencing was performed in HepG2 cells after TEAD1 was interfered using small in-terfering RNAs (siRNAs). A total of 68 differentially expressed miRNAs (EnhTEAD1-miRNAs) regulated by EnhTEAD1 were obtained by RNA-seq and Hi-C, and were found to be significantly involved in a variety of cancer-related biological processes and pathways. In summary, the study elucidates the regulatory mecha-nism of EnhTEAD1-miRNA network in hepatocellular carcinoma, and also provides a new potential target for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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  miR-144-3p Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells and Arrests Cell Cycle by Targeting E2F8

  SONG Shiwei, LI Jingwu, LIU Xiaohui

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 479-487.

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  To investigate the mechanism of miR-144-3p in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the expression le-vels of miR-144-3p and its downstream target gene in LUAD tissues were predicted based on multiple databases. Through bioinformatics methods and based on the related literature, E2F transcription factor 8 (E2F8) was identified as the target gene of miR-144-3p, and the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to verify the target binding relationship between miR-144-3p and E2F8. The regulatory mecha-nisms of miR-144-3p and E2F8 in LUAD were explored by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western-blot, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony formation assay, invasion assay and flow cytometry. The re-sults showed that miR-144-3p expression was significantly low in LUAD tissues and cells, while E2F8 ex-pression was significantly high. There was a targeting relationship between miR-144-3p and E2F8. Overex-pression of miR-144-3p or knockdown of E2F8 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of LUAD cells and arrested the cell cycle at G1 phase. In summary, miR-144-3p could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of LUAD cells and arrest the cell cycle at G1 phase by negatively regulating E2F8 expression, thereby inhibi-ting the malignant progression of LUAD cells. The results may be helpful for developing new methods in lung cancer detection and treatment.
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  Effects of Non-coding RNAs on Occurrence, Progression and Drug Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer

  WU Nianping, ZHOU Cefan, TANG Jingfeng

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 488-497.

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  Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are abundant in organisms, have been of special concern in recent years. Most ncRNAs do not encode proteins, but they play a significant role in participating complex signaling cascades in various diseases by regulating gene expression and protein functions. Pancreatic cancer is known as the king of cancer because its early symptoms are not obvious, diagnosis often occurs at an ad-vanced stage of the disease and its treatment effect and prognosis are extremely poor. There is still a long way to go in scientific research of pancreatic cancer. This article describes the mechanism of ncRNAs in the occurrence, progression and drug resistance of pancreatic cancer, hoping to provide some ideas for re-searchers to find targets for the tumor detection and treatment.
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  Advances in the Study of GP73 and Its Related miRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  GUO Yue, LIU Mengyuan, LI Botao, WU Jiangfeng, MA Lan, ZOU Fei

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 498-505.

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  Golgi protein 73 (GP73) is a glycosylated transmembrane protein located in the cis-Golgi mem-brane, which plays an important role in the development of tumors and is a potential target for tumor therapy. Current studies have shown that GP73 can be used as a serological marker to assist the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the further study of GP73, microRNAs (miRNAs) related to GP73 have been gradually explored and found to be closely associated with the occurrence and development of various tumors. miR-212 and miR-27a can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of HCC, and GP73, miR-27b and miR-493-5p can be used as biomarkers for prognosis of HCC patients. Therefore, GP73-related miRNAs are promising targets for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. Herein, the roles and mechanisms of GP73 and its related miRNAs in the development of HCC are summarized, hoping to provide ideas for the tumor pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment.
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  PD-L1 Degradation Pathway and Cancer Immunotherapy

  LI Meng, ZHU Chenggang

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 506-511.

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  Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as an important target in immune checkpoint blo-ckade therapy for cancer. It is expressed in a variety of cells. Its high expression in tumor cells can enhance programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitory signals, thus promoting tumor immune escape. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy based on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies has brought revolutionary changes in cancer treatment. However, cancer immunotherapy produces long-lasting treatment effects only in some people with cancer. For most patients, it has short-term or no effects. Studies have found that the degradation of PD-L1 is critical for treatment response to cancer immunotherapy. Herein, the lysosomal and proteasomal pathways of PD-L1 degradation and the interaction of PD-L1 degradation with cancer immunotherapy are reviewed, aiming to provide new ideas for improving response rate and scope in cancer immunotherapy.
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  Diversity of Bacterial Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Haizhou Bay

  GU Ying, FU Guanghui, YAO Yongqi, LIANG Baogui, YE Renzhi, WANG Chao, LU Lu, SUN Miaomiao

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 512-520.

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  In order to explore the diversity of bacterial community structure and its influencing factors in the shallow sea area of the Haizhou Bay, both surface and bottom water samples from six sites in the bay were selected and analyzed based on high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the abun-dance and diversity of bacterial communities in the bottom water samples were better than those in the sur-face water samples. There was difference in the evolutionary direction of bacterial communities between the bottom and surface water samples, but the difference was not significant between the two bacterial communi-ties. A total of 2 491 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in the Haizhou Bay, belonging to 32 phyla, 74 classes, 116 orders, 200 families and 364 genera. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria in the bay were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Cyanobacteria. Ammonium (NH4-N) and chlorophyll (Chl) were found to be the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure. The study demonstrated that the diversity and distribution of bacterial community structure in the shallow sea area of the Haizhou Bay had a certain correlation with environmental factors, which provided a theoretical basis for the sustaina-ble development of the shallow sea ecosystem in this area.
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  Newly Recorded Species of Angiosperms from Wetland in Jiangsu Province

  CHU Xiaofang, CUI Jian, DONG Xiaoyu, GU Zixia, YAO Dongrui, LIANG Yishuo

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 521-527.

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  Based on field survey and specimen examination, seven species and one variety, Linum medium (Planch.) Britton, Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn., Cyperus odoratus L., Fimbristylis dipsacea var. verrucifera (Maxim.) T. Koyama, Oenothera drummondii Hook., Ludwigia perennis L., Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam., Li-mosella aquatica L. are reported as newly recorded species of angiosperms from wetland in Jiangsu Province, China. Notably, the genera Limosella has not been previously recorded in Jiangsu and is reported herein. Four of them are new records of alien naturalized plants from Jiangsu, including L. medium (Planch.) Britton, S. sarrachoides Sendtn., C. odoratus L., O. drummondii Hook.. Voucher specimens are deposited in the Her-barium of Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAS).
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  Species Diversity Survey and Fauna Analysis of Amphibians and Reptiles in Tongdao County, Hunan

  LI Hui, ZHU Leqiang, PAN Jia, WU Shaowu, YANG Lixun, LIN Yuan, ZHANG Zhiqiang, MO Xiaoyang

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 528-538.

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  In order to understand the resources of amphibians and reptiles in Tongdao County, a total of 80 sample lines were set up in May, July and September of 2022 to carry out field investigation. A total of 24 species of amphibians belonging to 1 order, 6 families and 40 species of reptiles belonging to 2 orders, 12 families were recorded, accounting for 27.59% and 38.10% of the records in Hunan Province, respectively. It was found that the two types of animals in Tongdao County have obvious fauna characteristics: the Orien-tal species are dominated ones (67.19%), followed by widespread species (32.81%), and there are no Pa-laearctic species. Analysis of biodiversity showed that the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indexes are 3.314 6 and 0.944 1, respectively, and the Pielou index is 0.797 0. The results of faunistic similarity showed that the faunistic division of the county is consistent with that of Hunan zoogeographic fauna. The survey made the current situation of amphibians and reptiles in the county more clearer, and would provide a scientific basis for protecting and studying the animal resources in this region.
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  A New Species of Jumping Spider and a Supplement to the Female of Thyene yuxiensis Xie & Peng, 1995 from China (Araneae: Salticidae)

  ZHOU Yuchen, LI Songlin, WANG Cheng, LIU Ping

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 539-543.

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  A new species of Plexippoides Prószyński, 1984 from Hunan Province, China is described and named as P. subvalidus sp. nov. (♂♀). In addition, the female of Thyene yuxiensis Xie & Peng, 1995 is described here for the first time. Photos of body and copulatory organs of the spiders are provided. Speci-mens are deposited in the College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University.
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  Study on Mechanism of GC-1 Apoptosis Under Hypoxic Conditions

  SONG Cheng, WANG Jitian, SHI Shuanxia, HE Yigang, CHENG Yaoping, WANG Tian, WANG Ling

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 544-550.

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  The potential molecular mechanism of apoptosis of mouse spermatogonial GC-1 cells under hy-poxia was investigated. First, the cell viability under hypoxia for different time periods was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) to determine the time of cell damage induced by hypoxia. Then, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in GC-1 cells was detected by chemical fluorescence method, the membrane potential of mitochondria was detected by JC-1 assay, and the content of ATP was detected by colorimetry. Meanwhile, the number and distribution of mitochondria were detected using fluorescent probe method, and the ultrastructure of the cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Finally, mRNA expression levels of mitochondrial signaling pathway related genes caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome c (Cyt-c), Bax and Bcl-2 were analysed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that, after 36 h of hypoxia, the cell viability was (60.36±5.40)%, which met the requirement of subsequent experiments. Under hypoxia conditions, the ROS content in GC-1 cells increased significantly, and the ATP content decreased significantly. The membrane potential and number of mitochondria were reduced. At the same time, the ex-pression levels of pro-apoptosis-related genes were up-regulated, and the gene expression level of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 was down-regulated. The results showed that hypoxia can lead to mitochondrial dys-function in GC-1 cells, and ROS/mitochondrial signaling pathway may be the molecular mechanism of hy-poxia-induced apoptosis of GC-1 cells.
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  Research Advances in the Correlation Between Parkinson’s Disease and Intestinal Microbiota

  Xü Long, LEI Lifang, TAN Zhixia, LIAO Minjing, CAI Xiuyi, LIU Nianmeng, YE Xiangli

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 551-558.

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  Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a serious threat to the health of middle-aged and elderly people. The etiology of the disease remains unclear. Recent studies have found that the occurrence of PD is closely related to the intestinal microbiome, which is involved in the process of PD by affecting the intestinal barrier permea-bility, inflammation and oxidative stress levels and the release of neurotransmitters through the microbe-gut-brain axis. Dietary intervention, supplementation with suitable probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can effectively alleviate or improve the symptoms of PD, and may be useful to treat the disease. However, due to the great heterogeneity of gut microbes, much work needs to be done to reveal the correlation between PD and intestinal microbiome.
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  Design and Practice of Blended Teaching in Cell Biology Course Based on Rain Classroom

  MA Xuejing, BAI Jing, LI Junfu, LI Mengran, Lü Jing, LI Mo, GAO Wenbin, ZHANG Zhaoying

  Life Science Research. 2023, 27(6): 559-564.

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  Cell biology is a basic course for biological science majors in normal colleges and plays an impor-tant role in professional guidance. Herein, combined with the blended teaching practice of cell biology based on the Rain Classroom, teaching methods, implementation process, resource construction, assessment evalua-tion and educational effects of this course are expounded and discussed. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the blended teaching mode based on the Rain Classroom can help students better under-stand theoretical knowledge, improve their comprehensive ability and cultivate their interest in learning cell biology.