Abstract: In order to study the molecular mechanism of tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) infection of Nicotiana benthamiana, this study established a TVMV transcriptome database, excavated disease-resistant genes, metabolic and signaling pathways, and used the Illumina Novaseq 6000 high-throughput sequencing platform to perform transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis Nicotiana benthamiana infected with TVMV. We used software such as R package: edge R to analyze differentially expressed genes related to disease resistance, and conducted gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis on differentially expressed genes in the KEGG. A total of 4 593 differentially expressed genes were obtained based on the transcriptome sequencing results of TVMV infection, among which the 3 564 genes were up-regulated and 1 029 genes were down-regulated. A total of 10 differentially expressed genes related to disease resistance were screened, 6 were up-regulated and 4 were down-regulated. A total of 50 functional groups have been annotated in the GO database in three categories: biological processes, cell components and molecular functions. Among them, in the third class of molecular functions, the differentially expressed genes involved in protein binding function and ATP binding function were most significant, there were 501 and 453 differential genes, respectively. KEGG was enriched in 20 pathways, annotation to ribosome pathway has the highest degree of differential gene enrichment. 307 differentially expressed genes were more significant. Protein binding, ATP binding, ribosome, eukaryotic ribosome biological reaction, DNA replication and other pathways may play an important role in the regulation of TVMV. The analysis of differentially expressed genes screened in transcriptome has laid an important foundation for further research on the resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana to TVMV virus.
